Sign in to wowOwow

Enter the email address that you used when registering at wowOwow.
The password field is case sensitive. Click here if you have forgotten your password.

Please register for wowOwow

Newsletter subscriptions
Sign up to receive wowOwow's weekly newsletter and get our best picks delivered right to your inbox. Our newsletter content is hand-picked by the wowOwow editorial team and provides the top features, news, and commentary from our site. Subscribing to our newsletter is free and safe. We will never share your email or other information with a third-party without your direct consent.
By registering, you indicate that you have read and agree
with our privacy policy and terms of service.

Q&A | 10/21/2009 7:30 am

No Slacks in the Office: Gail Collins and Lesley Stahl Relive the Birth of Feminism

With the release of When Everything Changed, Gail Collins’s new book, Lesley and Gail recount the amazing revolution of American women from 1960 to the present … from female-free airplane routes to Gloria Steinem’s reaction to Sarah Palin’s brand of feminism.

LESLEY: So, Gail Collins, thank you very much for joining us today to talk about your new book When Everything Changed: The Amazing Journey of American Women from 1960 to the Present, which I have to say I loved and read and learned, because it’s about really the Women’s Movement from 1960 to today, which I obviously lived through; but there’s so much I didn’t know. Let me start by asking you a big question. This is the Women’s Movement – the movement for women’s equality. First question: Did we win? Have we achieved equality?

GAIL: We definitely won. I’m not quite sure I know exactly what equality is, so I’m not sure that I would be willing to go that far. But to look back, which it’s hard to do, I was talking to the people who’ve been there. You forget what it was actually like. And, for perspective, you really have to go back and look at, say, 1960. And it’s such a stunner on every possible level.

LESLEY: Give us some examples.

GAIL: My very favorite one, and it is not the most profound by any means, is the one that I start the book with: Lois Rabinowitz was a secretary in Manhattan and in the summer of 1960 made history, or at least headlines, when she was expelled from traffic court in Manhattan for attempting to pay a parking ticket while wearing slacks. And the judge went nuts. She was defaming the honor of the traffic court. And this was true, and so many women I’ve talked to who remembered back on those days, how awful it was. If you worked in the Post Office you had to wear a skirt. And it was extremely uncomfortable; extremely cold for some women. And just the right to wear sensible clothes was completely withheld.

LESLEY: Oh, right.

GAIL: And then there is the executive express, the plane flight United used to have from New York to Chicago every day, and it was men only; a woman could not buy a seat on the executive express – too bad if you wanted to go to Chicago at that point in time. And they would serve the men these big, huge steaks and cigars and the stewardesses were taught how to lean over and light the cigars and so on. And whenever I tell that story somebody says, "Well wasn’t that illegal?" Nothing was illegal back then. It was perfectly legal to say, "Well we don’t hire women for those jobs," or as Newsweek used to say, "Women don’t write. They only research."

LESLEY: I can remember being on a flight and the pilot came on, and it was a woman, and a bunch of men stood up and walked off the flight. And I know stories about people going to doctors, and if the doctor was a woman they turned around and walked out. And this isn’t just men walking out either. But when you say "we won," you’re just saying that some of these things that you got people to remember seem ridiculous? Is that what you mean by "we won"?

GAIL: No, I mean that in 1960 the vision of women’s limitations of the proper role for women in society was not at bottom much different than it was, say, in 1200 or 1600, but there was the same vision of what women were, and what women could do, that existed throughout Western civilization. And it changed in my lifetime and your lifetime, Lesley, in this tiny sliver of time that we live in. And that knocks me out every time I think about it. Women being born today are going to have all kinds of problems, many of them having to do with trying to balance family and career, I will tell you, but that kind of sense of limitations that existed throughout civilization and society just is not there for them. And that’s so huge.

LESLEY: And is it irreversible?

58 Reader Comments (so far…) Sign In or Register to comment

macwoof woof
I have enjoyed reading Gail Collins and look forward to reading her book. Thanks for bringing her to wOw.
By macwoof woof on 10/21/2009 6:45 pm
lynn liccardo

the whole pants thing reminded me of my first collective action. when i was in junior in high school, i had a part-time job as a cashier in a supermarket with doors at each end of the front, where the registers were. During the winter, both doors would open, and  a huge blast of cold air would blow through the front of the store. 

this was 1967, so, of course, women were not permitted to wear pants. i was getting tiring of chapped knees and complained loud and long, but no no avail. so… since saturday was the store’s busiest day, i convinced enough women that if we all wore pants, they couldn’t send us all home and still keep the store open. 

seems positively quaint all these years later.

By lynn liccardo on 10/21/2009 7:30 pm
Pamela Reich

I also came of age in the 1970’s and worked for years as a journalist.  I remember how much gratitude I felt toward the women who came before me — who opened so many doors. 

I also know that despite our advances, the situation for women is not as rosy as Gail, the media and society in general would want us to believe.  Gail has been fortunate to live a privileged life as an upper class white woman who started her career at The New York Times.  And that made all the difference……

Most women still work in pink collar ghetto jobs where the pay is much less than comparable jobs that primarily employ men. 

Women now have two full-time jobs — the one in the office and the one at home.

Women still struggle with sexism every day. It’s the most pervasisive and ignored bigotry that remains.  It’s only the most privileged who can be as giddy as Gail and Lesley about how wonderful things are today.  I cannot imagine a leader of the civil right movement rejoicing as Gail does at how good black people have it today. 

Women entering the workforce now have many more opportunities, but they are in for a terrible shock if they believe the struggles have all been won.  Sexism is thriving and getting worse.  The backlash isn’t something that just happens when your car gets rear ended.

I was there to watch as the doors opened for women and anything seemed possible.  I also was there to watch as the doors began closing while almost no one seemed to notice…….

If the world were truly as wonderful for women as Gail’s book presumes then I too would be as giddy as Gail.  Though she and I are both female and close to the same age, our lives as women have been very different.

 

By Pamela Reich on 10/21/2009 11:03 pm
Mary Courtney

So many wonderful sharings on this sight. Of course there are still many injustices….and on the other hand I sat with a group of men in a coffee shop today who have been unemployed over the last year and believe that only minority women are getting the jobs. These guys are over 55 and feel it’s hopeless for them.

It’s so intresting-the power of perceptions coming from every individual. Some say you can or can’t have it all as a woman. Most of my over 80 yr old gals I care for had unfulfilled career dreams and were housewives who raised their kids, were widowed and married 60+yrs. They often share some of their remorse yet mostly talk about the richness of their relationships and how precious their families were to them. There’s no perfection, yet we need to keep moving ahead and never give up regarding these important areas. I believe that living a loveless life is a tremendous tragedy. I’ve been on both sides of the fence and come from a heritage where my grandfather gave all his daughters something unusual for that time- "normal school" and college eds (in the early 1900’s). My five, well educated aunts all loved their work-but said that their jobs paled to loving their dear ones. I can only speak for my own experience having owned a business, taught school for years and still doing jazz gigs as well as art shows-but I too, believe that a healthy love relationship is so satisfying and washes away so much that is not satisfying. I was tougher about my feminism and fought hard when I was younger…but now-give me a bowl of popcorn, my sweetheart and a good movie.

How often we think we are gaining something but it ends up chasing the wind. Each woman has to decide for themselves what really counts in life. I am working at letting go,avoiding blame, forgiving and accepting life on life’s terms. These things I’m getting from the wisdom of elderly women in there 80’s.  I know that the equal pay deal is not where it should be-and that domestic violence is very prevalent. A sad scenario. But we are accountable for our own choices and there will be consequences we will each live with based upon the choices that we each make for ourselves. Hopefully those decisions will be rooted in love. 

By Mary Courtney on 10/22/2009 1:26 am
Katharine Gray

I read Friedan and Greer at 19.    They made a lot of sense to me.   Took women studies courses in college as well.  Still consider myself a femininist of the old school.   May or may not have had a unique upbringing in that respect.   Before Friedan and Greer I was told *get and education because you need to be able to support yourself no matter who you marry*.   Did so. As did my sister.  Fortunately, no need to *fall back* on our education as …. funny thing… our (non Ivy League) education led us to choose good men too…and we both have enjoyed our careers and marriages.

Unfortunately,  the movement I supported in the early 70’s was quickly hijacked by extremists without principles and there is only one agenda.   And, I am not talking about choice or sexual preference.  I’m talking about the agenda to serve men who despise women and the eagerness of women who, wearing heels or not,  are still on their knees before them in order to be *cool*.   When the current President of the United States refers to an underling as *honey*…when a certain recently deceased Senator and a current one are not called to account for their drunken advances to women working in restaurants (*waitress sandwiches anyone?)…when a former President is excused for lying under oath and hiding evidence in a sexual harassment case because its *only about sex* are idolized (if not sanctified)  while  a woman who manages to overcome her working class upbringing and become the governor of a state while raising 5 children is vilified  because she isn’t a Democrat, I say screw *feminism*. 

As for typing.  Thank goodness for computers.  Still, I found the ability to type (however imprecisely) a big help in my career.   Back when computers were *new*, my boss gave me one before he gave them to my male colleagues because *she knows how to type and will use it*.  A nice advantage then.   

By Katharine Gray on 10/22/2009 4:59 am
cyndie pumpkin

great discussion!  i graduated high school in 1975 - women were finally being told they could and should go to college for something other than their MRS.  i look around the small town (even if it is a state capital) where i live now, and have some things i’d like to pass on to women in their late teens and twenties - we helped women finally have control of the own reproductive health - stop throwing that away!!  i’m not talking about the right to choose an abortion, but the right to have effective birth control and the knowledge to use it available.  young women today talk a lot about abortion - the right and wrong of it, and their own feelings about it - but you’re right when you say the pill is what brought about the biggest changes for women.  in the early 70’s, young women were not taught about birth control, what was available, or even why they should know about it.  (abstinance (sp?) education anyone? didn’t work then, probably won’t ever work).  young married women were told they didn’t need birth control because "they were married and should be having kids now".  i knew a 29 year old woman, divorced with 3 kids, whose doctor refused to do a tubal ligation because if she remarried her new husband might want children of his own - so for this woman, a doctor and a possible future husband were deciding her reproductive choices. she finally found a doctor to respect her choices (a woman, rare at the time).  after roe vs. wade passed, birth control finally became more readily available for all women, but the ones who got "caught" were the "nice" girls - because nice girls didn’t "plan" to have sex by protecting themselves.  these days, i see women in their teens and twenties, sure that abortion is wrong (i won’t even start THAT discussion here), but also sure that for some reason birth control is also "wrong".  (it doesn’t help that i live in the "bible belt" of our state).  it seems to me that while they have embraced sexual freedom, they forget that there is a responsibilty to make good choices for themselves, their partners, and their future children.  i see too many young women around me throwing away any opportunity for an education/career because they "accidently" got pregant having unprotected sex.  they face a hard road, because while they think that relationship is "the one", their partners don’t feel the same.  here’s a hint girls - a guy 15 - 25 (give or take) will say you’re the one, until you get pregnant - then they’re less sure.  it worked when i was young, it worked when my mother was young, and it worked when my grandmother was young.  ask yourselves, why is it still working now?  so, while you embrace and even acknowledge what came before to win some of this progress for women, please don’t lose track that all you owe to the women who started this "fight" is to make your own choices wisely.

By cyndie pumpkin on 10/22/2009 9:47 am
Sarah Gjertsen

I could not agree more… I am just now going back to school to finish a degree I started almost 15 years ago. I got interrupted because I got pregnant during my first semester, and went on to have 3 more children after. I knew plenty of guys who were having children at the same time as me, but because they were not expected to drop everything when their children were born they were able to finish their degrees without interruption. I am now finding myself in a perpetual game of "catch up" that I don’t think will ever end, and it wouldn’t have started if I had been able to get my degree in four years like my Y-Chromosome carrying peers.

I was also nearly denied the opportunity to have the tubal ligation procedure done because I was so young… What if I got divorced and my new husband wanted his "own" kids? I told the doctor that if my hypothetical new husband wanted his "own" kids so much, he could have them himself! Then I walked out of the exam room and found myself a better doctor. I cannot think of anything that has opened the doors for young women in this country more than the opportunity to make their own reproductive decisions. The next step is convincing the world that we should not be penalized for making those decisions even when others disagree with them.

By Sarah Gjertsen on 10/23/2009 1:06 pm
Barbara Jordan

How well I remember the olden days of a working woman.  I worked for the Chesapeake & Potomic Telephone Co (Ma.Bell) here in the south and when I became Pregnant I was informed I could only work until I was 4 months along.  It was my first so I barely showed at that time and was not sickly.  It made it hard for my husband and I as we had been married less than a year and were still strugling to set up our home.  I had private insurance, thank goodness.  I could’nt figure out why, other than I was a Service Rep. and in public view to customers.  How times have changed, I have seen some employees at various business that look as if they could give birth at any minute.  This was in the mid-fifties.  But we made out OK, still married to the same guy for 54 years…The show Mad Men is a perfect example of how it really was in those days…

Barbara J.

By Barbara Jordan on 10/22/2009 11:25 am
Dana Boyte

I have to make small comment on the story about women and not being able to wear slacks in the 60’s.. In Orlando, Fl in the 1990’s a well thought of law firm was still requiring their female attorneys to wear skirted suits.. no pants allowed (granted, even having a female associate was new to them).  The gals in this firm worked longer hours and were paid less than their male counterparts too along with not being included in the downtown athletic club. That my sisters was in the 1990’s.. things have changed.. but have they really?!?!

 

 

By Dana Boyte on 10/22/2009 11:31 am
brad berger

It is amost beyond belief that there is still no ERA in the Constitution.

Without the ERA no woman has a guarantee of Constitutional equality.

The ERA does not even get out of The Constitution subcommittee in the senate.

The Shriver Report calls for equality repeatedly but no outcry for the ERA.

There are two classes of women in America: Those who have money and time to own and write nice articles in this forum and those who get beaten by men, earn 77% of what a man makes for the same job, do not own real estate, do not have money to hire people to take care of their home and children. It would be great if the "haves" gave back to the women who have not enjoyed the success of the moment and are still second class citizens. Those women who have made it have done so because of the selfless attitudes of women who fought the fight for them - Bella, Gloria, Betty, Shirley ….

If I were a woman I would demand the ERA now and not take any excuses. If the Congress refused to pass the ERA I would call for a general strike throughout America to show how much women are needed in the country and workplace.

Before we call ourselves an example for the rest of the world it would be nice if the majority in America had equal rights. Men in Congress know that women can’t get it together on the ERA and so it goes. Once women have made it they forget about the others - this is human nature.Where are the women in Congress, the women in the media, the women with money, the women who BS on talk shows all day, the women in business? They have all made it and just do not care about helping other women and their own daughters and sisters. And people think women have more empathy and compassion.

By brad berger on 10/22/2009 11:38 am
Peg Bennett
As I recall,  the ERA was killed by the same scare tactics now being used to kill the health care reform movement.  It is my opinion that lobbyists have done more harm than good in many areas and should have tighter controls.  Also,  when I graduated from college with a teaching degree (one of the few careers open to women at the time)  and got my first teaching position,  I was extremely grateful to another teacher who had gotten the teacher dress code change just before I arrived.  But I railed against the status quo in my own small way.  The office sent me a memo asking me to pick a girl volunteer to help in the cafeteria and a boy volunteer to help raise the flag each morning.  I could see no reason for those roles to be limited to a particular sex,  so I sent a boy to the cafeteria and a girl to help raise the flag.  The cafeteria workers loved it and so did both of the students.  One small victory against stereo-typing.
By Peg Bennett on 10/22/2009 2:02 pm
brad berger
One of the reasons the ERA did not get enacted was that women did not have enough money to mobilize a concentrated media effort to get the message across to women that they are second class citizens. However in 2009 women have the means to get their message to all women. There is no more draft and women serve in the military and in combat. The reason the ERA is no place today is that there is no leadership or movement. Why don’t the women on talk shows talk about the ERA? In my opinion the women who have made it just don’t want to rock the boat.
By brad berger on 10/23/2009 8:08 am
Pamela Reich

Brad, you’re not a woman so how do you know what you would do if you were in our shoes?  I remember how hard we fought for the ERA — years and years of fighting.  I remember how devastated I was when it failed.  I also know how hard I’ve worked to help women who have come after me, and how many women have been there to give me a helping hand.  There are many women who make it and don’t care about anyone else just as there are many men who are just as selfish.  But there are still so many feminists working for us all.

To all our brothers, you don’t have to be female to fight for equality.  You just have to care about the rights of women.

By Pamela Reich on 10/22/2009 6:55 pm
brad berger
I am not a woman. This is why I can’t understand why women aren’t in the streets demanding their equality under the Constitution. Men cannot lead the movement and the men in Congress on the Senate Judiciary Committee seem to be your enemies. Senator Diane Feinstein is on the subcommittee for The Constitution, questions should be addressed to her as one of your colleagues to find out why the ERA can’t get out of Committee. Questions should be addressed to the women owners of this web site as to what the women of wowowow are doing to get the ERA enacted. Yes there are feminists working hard for the ERA but obviously in over 25 years of nothing new happening more women are needed to fight for the ERA. If women with money start running public service announcements for the ERA this could inform and energize many women who are not aware of the ERA. Heck most women under 35 do not even know what the ERA is and men think it is the earned run average.
By brad berger on 10/23/2009 7:57 am
brad berger
Go figure - women are outwardly more involved in fighting for gay marriage than the ERA. The right to gay marriage gets publicity and the ERA that affects the majority of Americans languishes in limbo. I don’t get it but I am a man and don’t have to get it because my full rights are protected by the Constitution.
By brad berger on 10/23/2009 8:14 am