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Health | 09/11/2009 1:00 am

Mother Nature, Is Organic Really Healthier?

Our reporter digests the plethora of research and expert opinions to try to find the real health benefits of going organic.
By Erin L. Jones
© Shutterstock

Our mothers would never have concerned themselves with where their food was coming from. Milk was milk; apples, apples. Organic simply wasn’t an option, so the latest debate around the advantages of food grown au natural and its health benefits would never have happened — until now, as a new interest in public health begins to surface, creating a backlash to what Michael Pollan, author of In Defense of Food, calls "nutritionism." The term is a critical stab at the Western food philosophy that has developed over the past few decades: that the value of food is merely a sum of its vitamin, nutrition and ingredient components. Slowly, we are beginning to see food as more than fuel, no longer taking the label "organic" at face value and asking pointed questions about its credibility and necessity to our well-being. And then comes the latest bombshell: A report by the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine — which reviewed more than 50 years of studies — concluded that organic foods are no healthier than conventional foods, sending organic buyers and believers everywhere into confusion. 

With the plethora of conflicting information out there, it’s no wonder people find the issue maddening, but you don’t need to make yourself crazy over the subject. Let’s cut to the chase and address the question on everyone’s minds: Is there a real health benefit to going organic? The answer, it seems, is yes … and no.

Why the uncertainty? It depends on what you define as a "health benefit." If it’s defined by higher nutritional value, you might be wise to save your money and buy conventional. There has been no conclusive evidence that proves organic foods are nutritionally superior to their conventional counterparts, though it hasn’t stopped organic advocates from calling "foul play." The Organic Center (a scientific resource for organic information) countered the contentious London study, saying that it "downplayed" many of the positive findings on organic food: "In several instances, their analysis showed that organic foods tend to be more nutrient dense than conventional foods. Plus, their study omitted measures of some important nutrients, including total antioxidant capacity." The UK research team then clarified their stance by stating, "The important message from this report is not that people should avoid organic food but that they should eat a healthy balanced diet and, in terms of nutrition, it doesn’t matter if this is made up of organic or conventionally produced food."

Many nutritionists and food bloggers agree that organic produce may have marginally higher levels of antioxidants like Vitamin C and Vitamin A (aka beta carotene), but by how much is unpredictable and the data is still inconsistent. What we do know is that people who eat a plant-based diet have less heart disease, fewer occurrences of tumors and lower blood pressure. These findings were conducted on conventionally grown foods — not organic. So here’s the bottom line: By eating the daily recommended amount (RDA) of fruits and vegetables, you should receive most — if not all — of the vitamins and nutrients your body needs. You can find out exactly what your specific RDA is based on your weight, age and physical exertion levels at the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s handy online personal pyramid guide

If you define "health benefit" as a reduction in your exposure to pesticides and chemicals — the raison d’etre of the organic movement back in the 1970s — then by all means, buy organic. But this line of thinking isn’t without ambiguity either. It wasn’t until 2002 that the Department of Agriculture clarified exactly what the word "organic" meant by initiating strict standards for American farmers. 

26 Reader Comments (so far…) Sign In or Register to comment

Sam Mirando

We are close relatives of primates that live on leaves, fruits, nuts and a very little meat occasionally.  Doesn’t it make sense to eat in the way that nature intended?  Over the past few years, I’ve been eating more and more like a chimpanzee, with very little meat and few eggs in my diet - not to mention very little sugar and salt.  I eat very few "prepared" foods, gorging on vegetables, fruits, and nuts.  Oatmeal for breakfast with a little milk, fruit and nuts; fruit and yoghurt with maple syrup for lunch; a big salad with olive oil and wine vinegar dressing; whole wheat bread; small amounts of cheese and low-fat "butter;" plus a few small treats to keep me from seeming too eccentric. 

This diet would be inordinately expensive if I only ate "organic" so I buy from the farm market (they use "integrated pest management, minimizing use of pesticides but not eliminating them altogether) in summer and from the supermarket in winter.  

I think the content of my diet is more important than the source.  And I’ve never felt better.

As Polan says, "Eat FOOD, not too much, mostly plants."  And as Sam says, "Eat like a CHIMPANZEE" and feel better than you’ve ever felt before!

By Sam Mirando on 09/11/2009 5:41 am
Mel Berg
My idea of organic, is pesticide free, not that the food is superior in nutrients, but healthier because you are not ingesting harmful pesticides. BGH milk is not good for you,or the animals they use this drug on, just to produce more milk. Also the drug stays in the animal, so when that cow is sent to market, you are eating the drug in the meat. I like the old saying, "you are what you eat." Local Farmers Markets are great, you can find out much from the people who actually grow or raise the food, try finding out anything in the supermarkets. Your lucky if you can find out what country it came from.
By Mel Berg on 09/11/2009 5:58 am
F P
Yep, my feelings exactly—thanks Mel. 
By F P on 09/11/2009 7:41 am
C jay
Regardless of what we can find out as to "origin," and I read this in an Ob. book, "don’t buy anything in a bag, box, bottle, or can… " 
By C jay on 09/14/2009 1:05 pm
Lucinda Herbert

It is not easy to come by organic free range beef in the United States, even Niman’s beef comes from feedlot cattle. And Argentine ranchers, who one could count on producing grass fed beef, are now abandoning this practice. I think this is such a shame - profit over what makes a truly tastier and healthier cut of beef.  Growth hormones, cramped, filthy conditions (fecal dust & contaminated water) have become the norm —  Certainly, Mother Nature didn’t intend for it to be this way. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/09/09/AR2009090903211.html

By Lucinda Herbert on 09/11/2009 7:57 am
C jay

With a bit of hunting, talking to other people, most every city, and town has someone who raises grass-fed animals and they sell the meat. Calling a local meat-packing place, or one that serves hunters will help locate someone. Using the on-line sustainable websites help, too, and the local food banks have such information as well. 

Like our entire government, Mother Nature wouldn’t win helping us today but "her" rath can be counted upon  - if health care reform was really wanted, it would start tomorrow morning by executive order.

If the POTUS wanted health care  reform, he’d make Medicare open to anyone tomorrow AM, by Executive Order, just a Nixon did with chemical warfare - by 4 PM that afternoon!!!!! Those who DON’T WANT IT, can keep their current health care insurance or NONE, but sign a statement that they "are fully aware that this option for Medicare will not be open for me, and/or my family, again until October 1, 2014, under any circumstances."   It is just than simple.   This apparent "war" for health care reform is merely a political game to get the citizens involved in something they are, for the majority, completely ill-equipped to deal with, much less decide about, other than take sides in political war games! It is not only unethical but it’s a crime against humanity.    If the POTUS wanted us to be cared for, he would stop the military expenditures overnight, also! This is a damned game that everyone in "DC" has put over on Americans, and not unlike the early Hitler regime… both parties are doing this, and it’s not serving our nation wall, one bit!   No one should be re-elected if Americans do one thing right! No one. NRA: Never Re-elect Anyone. 

 

http://www.nytimes.com/2009/09/13/opinion/13rich.html?_r=2&scp=2&sq=Fran…

By C jay on 09/14/2009 1:11 pm
C jay
please forgive my rant! 
By C jay on 09/14/2009 1:12 pm
Sam Mirando

Pesticides accumulate in animal fats, nitrates in cured meats are harmful; the charred surface of cooked meats contains carcinogens; animal fats are very high in calories; and a high-protein diet "feeds" many types of tumor. 

Cut out meat (or cut way down on it) and your diet suddenly becomes a whole lot healthier - no matter whether you eat organic fruits and veggies or not.

I am not a fanatic vegetarian - I’ve just accumulated enough information over the years to believe that meat is not a necessary part of my diet and that I am much better off without meat in my diet.

I have a Ph.D. in molecular biology so I don’t follow fads.  "Just the facts, Sam, just the fact."

By Sam Mirando on 09/11/2009 8:24 am
Chrome Toe

I’ve never bought into the organic thing. I do however buy into the "fresher" the better. When it comes to produce I try to buy local and in season. There’s tons of research that shows that produce loses some of it’s nutrition in transit. So to buy produce shipped across country or continents makes no sense to me.

I love meat. but i try to buy local. If i can’t buy local i do look for meat without nitrates and additives. I never buy or use meat in a can or deli type meat.

By Chrome Toe on 09/11/2009 9:39 am
Lila Kuh

Interesting- when I was overseas I bought local beef and since it was grass-fed rather than grain-fed, it actually had a different taste.  Not sure if it was more beneficial or not, but I did notice the taste.  Other meats didn’t have such an obvious difference.

Oddly, McDonald’s tastes the same wherever you are.  A little scary, actually.

And nothing beats my home-grown tomatoes!

By Lila Kuh on 09/11/2009 6:52 pm
Carolyn K

Earlier this morning I was watching a food program and the hostess equated organic food with sustainability, and my immediate response was huh? Yes many/most small local farms are organic, but as this article points out you can buy "imported" organic goods - so much for sustainability.

For me organic is about pesticides and hormones. When I was peri-menapausal I bought organic milk. Now I feel less of a need for it, and besides its just gotten way to expensive. Organic also doesn’t always equate to quality. Where I live there is a Sunday farmers market just up the street.The few times I’ve been I’ve found the vegies to be past fresh and priced as though they were top quality. I’m all for supporting local growers organic or not, but like everyone else they have to give me a good product for the price.

By Carolyn K on 09/11/2009 10:36 am
camb 94
Keep in mind that even if you eat organic in your fruits and vegetables, everytime you move to more processed foods, they are unlikely to be organic.  I try to buy as many organic, locally produced products possible, and often the price is the same or similar for in season produce (i.e. heirloom tomatoes in July were the same price as conventional at the regular grocery store).  I also have joined a farm co-op where I get very reasonable in season fruits and vegetables and can add on organic chicken and grass fed beef.  The co-op is great because I am constantly exposed to new things that I wouldn’t necessarily buy, but now get a chance to try.
By camb 94 on 09/11/2009 10:40 am
F P
Shop the outer ring of the market like I do—rarely do I go to the processed foods. In fact I don’t really consider processed food to be food. Also if you can find buffalo meat it’s much better for you than cattle. It’s a great deal leaner.
By F P on 09/11/2009 2:38 pm
David Sasuga

"To date, for organic produce to receive the USDA Certified Organic sticker, it must be grown entirely without chemical pesticides, fertilizers, genetic modification and irradiation. By purchasing organic, you are lowering your exposure to pesticides and chemicals, which conventional wisdom tells us are harmful"…The statement above from the article is misleading and irresponsible.  The fact is; organic farmers do use chemical pesticides.  Either the author has been duped by the organic faithful, or she is not being honest about the facts.  Organic is not pesticide free.  In fact many of the organically approved pesticides must be sprayed more frequently than conventional materials because they are often less effective in treating for a specific insect or disease problem. 

Organic farming may bring premium prices to growers, but it does not produce a reliable food supply for a hungry world.  Organic farming is more vulnerable and has higher risk to insects, disease, and other adverse conditions.  While organic farming has lower yields, at the same time, it has much higher waste due to substandard quality. Much of the production never makes it to market.  Organic farmers accept that a much smaller portion of the crops will succeed.  The result is wasted natural resources for less food; a bad bargain for the environment.  

While locally grown is great, one caveat is most small farms do not have the level of food saftey practices in place that the larger farms do; they simply can’t afford it. That local farmer might be a nice lady, but what kind of sanitary proceedures are being followed and documented on her farm?  

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By David Sasuga on 09/11/2009 3:40 pm
Garden Goddess

I don’t know where you get your "facts", David, but I am an organic farmer and know many others and our reality does not resemble your descriptions.  Healthy soil is the basis for it all, and only healthy soil can impart the nutrition we expect to find in our foods.  Healthy soil also promotes healthy plants, that resists disease and many of us practice companion planting as well.  I do not personally know any organic farmer who is using pesticides nor one who can’t sell everything in his/her production faster than s/he can produce it.

 As for sanitary measures, have you ever talked with a USDA meat inspector who is honest about what they actually see?  Or have you examined the kitchen in your favorite restaurant?  

It is always amazing to me all the opinion and so-called fact urban people have about subjects about which they know absolutely nothing.  

By Garden Goddess on 09/14/2009 12:11 pm