Lily Tomlin | 01/27/2009 3:10 pm
Updates on Elephants Billy and Jenny! (Video)
What most people who insist on keeping elephants in confinement at zoos refuse to accept is that, no matter how much money you throw at these habitats, they will never be large enough to keep an elephant well and thriving. Elephants simply need more acreage than is available in a zoo.
The Dallas Zoo was willing to send Jenny to Mexico and away from Dallas in the first place because Africam is a member of the AZA. The AZA sees elephants mainly as assets and sending an elephant to any place other than another AZA facility is to lose the value and use of the asset.
Here, the activists in Dallas and Los Angeles part ways.
In Dallas, the chances of closing the elephant exhibit are pretty much nonexistent, so the main thrust of the campaign there is to get Jenny transferred to the sanctuary while she still has a chance to heal and live out a healthier and more natural life in the years left to her. Let Jenny go to the sanctuary and when the new exhibit is finished, upgrade a couple of elephants currently subsisting in even more dire circumstances — perhaps eking out a miserable existence chained to a post in some roadside zoo or circus. In this way, Jenny’s life is upgraded and another even more unfortunate elephant is also upgraded.
In today’s hard times, one must question the economic sense of keeping Jenny at the Dallas Zoo, when she could retire at no cost to the city to the peace and safety of the sanctuary. It costs hundreds of thousands of dollars annually to just maintain a single elephant in a zoo. The City of Dallas plans to spend $30 million alone to build a controversial 3.75 elephant exhibit to house up to five elephants, which critics contend will still be woefully inadequate to meeting Jenny’s needs. And, all the while, thousands of people in Dallas are losing their jobs and homes, causing the tax base to inevitably shrink. Many want the City of Dallas to retire Jenny to TES and direct that money into much-needed civic services.
Let Jenny go to the Sanctuary. Let her welfare come before the profits of a zoo. City and zoo officials in Dallas have shown only their own political self-interest and complete inurement to Jenny’s plight; yet, activists in Dallas are not giving up on retiring Jenny to a better life.
Please continue to phone and e-mail the Dallas City Council and the Dallas Mayor, Tom Leppert. If you have friends and family in Dallas, urge them to bring Jenny up to the candidates running in opposition to incumbents in the May, 2009, City Council election. Please go to the website ConcernedCitizensforJenny.org and see the ways to help free Jenny.
BILLY THE ELEPHANT AT THE L.A. ZOO
The L.A. Zoo is another case. The L.A. Zoo’s history of keeping elephants is horrific. Forty-seven elephants have passed through the L.A. Zoo since it’s inception in 1920. Records are somewhat sketchy for the years prior to 1975; however, since 1975, 14 elephants have died at the L.A. Zoo. Causes of death were from torture and abuse as well as from diseases caused by the confined spaces in which they are kept. (Go to the website helpbilly.org for the history of elephants at the zoo.)
In 2006, the L.A. City Council voted for an "expanded" elephant exhibit at a cost of $42 million. This expansion was to be 3.5 acres for up to five elephants. For the largest land mammal, kept in captivity, who travels in matriarchal herds with entire families, and walks up to 30 miles a day, 3.5 acres is not only insufficient, but detrimental to the point of being fatal. After examining the issue thoroughly, Councilman Tony Cardenas recently put forward a motion to close the elephant exhibit completely and to send the lone remaining elephant Billy to the PAWS Sanctuary in northern California.
The City Council will vote on the Cardenas motion on Wednesday, January 28.
Billy has subsisted more than 20 years on a quarter acre at this zoo, isolated from other elephants. I say "subsisted" because elephants do not "live" in zoos; they die in zoos, literally. Councilman Tony Cardenas has called zoos "elephant mortuaries." Fourteen elephants have died at our L.A. Zoo since 1975 — don’t let Billy be the fifteenth. Elephants live physically and mentally stressful lives in zoos because there simply is not enough room for these largest of land mammals. They develop agonizing foot and joint diseases and die prematurely in this kind of confinement. To remain healthy, elephants need hundreds of acres in which to roam. If the public knew the true facts, I don’t believe their compassion would allow them to endorse keeping elephants in these cruel conditions. Many zoos in major cities have closed their elephant exhibits after finally recognizing that elephants do not belong in the inadequate space of zoos. The Mayor and the City Council of Los Angeles have voted to spend $42 million dollars on a new, "expanded" elephant exhibit. This plan is completely illogical for all the reasons stated above; especially at a time when the city is under great financial pressure. This space can easily and successfully be turned over to the giraffes who would benefit greatly by this additional acreage.
Please go to the website helpbilly.org and write letters to the council members. Let them know your views and tell them that no matter how much money the mayor, the council, GLAZA or any other proponents throw at this exhibit, the result will be the same: The space will never be big enough for elephants, and more elephants will continue to suffer and die prematurely in the L.A. Zoo.

























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Nothing we don’t already know.
http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn17169-circus-captivity-is-beastly-for-wild-animals.html
Circus captivity is beastly for wild animals
16:20 20 May 2009 by Andy Coghlan
Stars of the show they may be, but elephants, lions and tigers are the wild animals least suited to life in a circus, concludes the first global study of animal welfare in circuses.
"It’s no one single factor," says Stephen Harris of the University of Bristol, UK, and lead researcher of the study. "Whether it’s lack of space and exercise, or lack of social contact, all factors combined show it’s a poor quality of life compared with the wild," he says.
The survey concludes that on average, wild animals spend just 1 to 9 per cent of their time training, and the rest confined to cages, wagons or enclosures typically covering a quarter the area recommended for zoos.
Worst affected are elephants, lions, tigers and bears. Often they’re confined to cages where they pace up and down for hours on end.
"Even if they are in a larger, circus pen, there’s no enrichment such as logs to play with, in case they use them to break the fence and escape," says Harris.
Travel sickTravel also takes its toll, although the evidence is limited. The study cites data showing that concentrations of the stress hormone cortisol in saliva from circus tigers remains abnormal up to 6 days after transport, and up to 12 days in tigers who’ve never travelled before.
The itineries can be gruelling too. When Harris and his colleagues analysed 153 European and North American circus trips, troupes only stayed at each single location for an average of a week before moving on, with an average of almost 300 kilometres between locations.
Even when they reach their destinations, the animals are often kept in conditions drastically different from their natural habitat. Elephants can be shackled for 12 to 23 hours per day when not performing, in areas from just 7 to 12 square metres. Often, they could only move as far as the chain would let them, just 1 to 2 metres.
In the wild, elephants spend 40 to 75 per cent of their time feeding, and cover up to 50 kilometres in a day.
Evidence also shows that circus elephants, lions, tigers, bears and even parrots, adopt repetitive abnormal movements and pacing, called sterotypies.
Also, the animals suffer ill-health both from confinement and from the tricks they learn to perform. Elephants, for example, become obese through inactivity and develop rheumatoid disorders and lameness as a result, as well as joint and hernia problems through having to adopt unnatural positions during performance.
Unnatural behaviour"There is no evidence to suggest that the natural needs of non-domesticated animals can be met through the living conditions and husbandry offered by circuses," concludes the study. "Neither natural environment nor much natural behaviour can be recreated in circuses."
Although their conditions are not ideal, the species best suited to circus life include animals domesticated generations ago, such as dogs and horses. Horses, for example, have long adapted to travel between racecourses.
The same is not true, however, of the most glamorous wild animals. "It fits in with what you would intuitively imagine, that given the extensive transport, the sterile environment and the cramped conditions, you get welfare problems," says Rob Atkinson, head of the wildlife department at the UK Royal Society for the Protection of Animals.
The study notes that some countries such as Austria have already banned wild animals from circuses, but they still feature prominently in major circuses of the US and Europe. Elephants disappeared from UK circuses for 10 years, but three have been on display since February at the Great British Circus.
Journal reference: Animal Welfare, vol 18, p 129